Furthermore, we found that -glucosidase inhibitors and CCBs use were associated with reduced odds of disease worsening

Furthermore, we found that -glucosidase inhibitors and CCBs use were associated with reduced odds of disease worsening. and outcomes were extracted from medical records and analyzed. Results 64 patients with pre-existing diabetes were included in this study, with 128 matched patients without diabetes included as a control group. Patients with diabetes had a higher rate of worsening Synaptamide (18.8% versus 7.8%, p?=?0.025). Multivariable regression showed increased odds of worsening associated with previous glycemic control reflected by HbA1c (odds ratio 3.29, 95% CI 1.19C9.13, p?=?0.022) and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve identified HbA1c of 8.6% (70?mmol/mol) as the optimal cut-off value. Univariate analysis demonstrated the in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive Synaptamide drugs were not associated with a higher risk of worsening. Conclusions COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a higher risk of worsening, especially those with poorly-controlled HbA1c, with an optimal cut-off value of 8.6%. The in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive drugs were not associated with increased odds of worsening in patients with diabetes. test, and categorical variables were compared by Chi-square or Fishers exact test where appropriate. Binary logistic Synaptamide regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the previous and in-hospital glycemic control on the outcomes of the patients with diabetes, and three models were constructed to adjust potential confounding factors. Model 1 explored the risk factors associated with worsening by a univariate analysis, which included HbA1c, maximum of the BG in-hospital, age, sex, smoking, comorbidities other than diabetes, white cell count, the percentage of neutrophils, lymphopenia, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, -glutamyl transferase, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), prothrombin time, total cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-. Model 2 included HbA1c and the maximum of the BG in-hospital for a multivariate logistic regression analysis. On the basis of model 2, the variables with a P value? ?0.05 in the univariate analysis were further added for a multivariate analysis in the model 3. Considering the limited number of the patients in the worsening group, three variables, which included lymphocyte, CRP and prothrombin time, were added in the model 3 to avoid over-fitting. Receiver Synaptamide operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the HbA1c level on the prognosis of the patients with diabetes. When we evaluated the association between the use of each antidiabetic or antihypertensive drug and the outcomes, due to the limited number of patients in each KBF1 subset, logistic regression model was used and only glucose, HbA1c at admission or maximum of the glucose in-hospital were adjusted to avoid over-fitting. The results were shown in odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A two-sided P value? ?0.05 was considered statistically different. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS, version 24.0 (IBM SPSS). 3.?Results 3.1. Demographics and characteristics A total of 64 confirmed COVID-19 patients with pre-existing DM were included in this study (Table 1 ). 128 COVID-19 patients without diabetes were included as a control group, closely matched for age, sex and comorbidities. The median age of the patients with diabetes was 66.0?years (IQR, 59.0C71.0), and 35 (54.7%) were male. 39 (60.9%) patients with diabetes had at least one other comorbidities, with hypertension (37 [57.8%]) being the most common comorbidity. The median duration from the symptom onset to admission was 10.0?days (IQR, 7.0C15.0) for patients with diabetes and 14.0?days (IQR, 8.0C17.0) for patients without diabetes. The most common symptoms for both groups were fever and cough, followed by fatigue and diarrhea (Table 1). The patients with diabetes reported a significantly higher incidence of fever (76.6% versus 61.7%) compared to the group without diabetes. Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients with or without a history of diabetes. thead th rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Parameters /th th rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Without diabetes br Synaptamide / (n?=?128) /th th rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ With diabetes br / (n?=?64) /th th rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ P value /th /thead Age, years67.0 (59.3C71.0)66 (59.0C71.0)0.998Male gender69 (53.9%)35 (54.7%)0.830Female gender59 (46.1%)29 (45.3%)Comorbidities on Admission79 (61.7%)39 (60.9%)0.916Hypertension76 (59.4%)37 (57.8%)0.836Hyperlipemia9 (7.0%)5 (7.8%)1.000Chronic renal diseases1 (0.8%)0 (0.0%)1.000Smoking.